Kugwiritsa ntchito netiweki yotulutsira madzi yokhala ndi magawo atatu pamalo olumikizirana misewu yodzaza ndi yodulidwa

Pakumanga misewu, malo odulira mitengo ndi ofooka pa kapangidwe ka malo odulira mitengo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kusakhazikika bwino, ming'alu ya msewu ndi matenda ena chifukwa cha kulowa kwa madzi pansi pa nthaka, kusiyana kwa zinthu zodzaza ndi zokumba komanso ukadaulo wosayenera womanga. Netiweki yophatikizana yamadzi ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pothetsa mavutowa. Ndiye, kodi ntchito zake ndi zotani pa malo odulira mitengo?

1. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndi zofunikira pa madzi otuluka mumsewu wodulidwa

Matenda a msewu wodulidwa amachokera makamaka ku zotsutsana izi:

1. Kusiyana kwa madzi apansi pa nthaka ndi zinthu zomwe zilimo

Malo olumikizirana pakati pa malo odzaza ndi malo okumba nthawi zambiri amapanga kusintha kwa madzi chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa madzi apansi panthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madziwo afewe kapena kufufutidwa.

2. Zolakwika pa ntchito yomanga

Mu njira zachikhalidwe, mavuto monga kufukula mosakhazikika komanso kusakwanira kukanikizana pamalo odulira zinthu ndi ofala.

2. Ubwino waukadaulo wa ukonde wothira madzi wopangidwa ndi magawo atatu

1. Kugwira bwino ntchito yochotsa madzi m'madzi komanso yoletsa kusefera

Ukonde wothira madzi wamitundu itatu umapangidwa ndi geotextile yokhala ndi mbali ziwiri ndi pakati pa ukonde wamitundu itatu. Kukhuthala kwa ukonde wa ukonde ndi 5-7.6mm, porosity ndi >90%, ndipo mphamvu yothira madzi ndi 1.2×10⁻³m²/s, zomwe zikufanana ndi wosanjikiza wa miyala wokhuthala wa 1m. Njira yothira madzi yopangidwa ndi nthiti zake zoyima ndi nthiti zopendekera imatha kusunga kayendedwe ka madzi kokhazikika pansi pa katundu wambiri (3000kPa).

2. Mphamvu yokoka ndi kulimbitsa maziko

Mphamvu yokoka yotalikirapo komanso yopingasa ya ukonde wothira madzi wamitundu itatu imatha kufika pa 50-120kN/m, zomwe zitha kulowa m'malo mwa ntchito yolimbitsa mphamvu ya malo ena. Ikayikidwa pamalo olumikizirana pakati pa kudzaza ndi kufukula, kapangidwe kake ka maukonde kangathe kufalitsa kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika ndikuchepetsa kusiyana kwa kukhazikika.

3. Kulimba komanso kusavuta kumanga

Yapangidwa ndi polyethylene yapamwamba kwambiri (HDPE) ndi polyester fiber composite, yomwe imapirira kuwala kwa ultraviolet, asidi ndi alkali corrosion, ndipo imakhala ndi moyo wautali wa zaka >50. Makhalidwe ake opepuka (kulemera pa unit area <1.5kg/m²) zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kuyiyika pamanja kapena pamakina, ndipo mphamvu yomanga ndi 40% kuposa ya miyala yachikhalidwe.

III. Malo omangira ndi kuwongolera khalidwe

1. Chithandizo cha pamwamba pa nthaka

M'lifupi mwa malo ofukula omwe ali pamalo olumikizirana ndi malo ofukula ndi ≥1m, kuya kwake kuli pa nthaka yolimba, ndipo cholakwika cha pamwamba ndi ≤15mm. Chotsani zinthu zakuthwa kuti musamaboole ukonde wothira madzi.

2. Njira yoika

(1) Ukonde wothira madzi umayikidwa motsatira mzere wa msewu, ndipo mphamvu yaikulu imalunjika ku sitepe;

(2) Kulumikizana kumakhazikika ndi chotenthetsera chosungunuka chotentha kapena misomali yooneka ngati U, yokhala ndi mtunda wa ≤1m;

(3) Kukula kwakukulu kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta backfill ndi ≤6cm, ndipo makina opepuka amagwiritsidwa ntchito popondereza kuti asawononge maziko a mesh.

3. Kuyang'anira khalidwe

Pambuyo poika, mayeso oyendetsera madzi (mtengo wokhazikika ≥1×10⁻³m²/s) ndi mayeso a mphamvu yolumikizana (mphamvu yolimba ≥80% ya mtengo wopangidwira) ayenera kuchitika.

Monga momwe taonera pamwambapa, netiweki yotulutsira madzi yokhala ndi magawo atatu imatha kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika ndi kulimba kwa msewu kudzera muubwino wake wa kutulutsira madzi bwino, kulimbitsa mphamvu komanso kulimba.