Gukoresha umuyoboro w'amazi uhuza imiyoboro itatu mu masangano y'umuhanda wuzuye n'uwaciwe

Mu kubaka imihanda minini, aho umuhanda uhurira hashyirwa umuhanda ni ikintu kidakomeye mu miterere y’umuhanda, akenshi bigatera imiterere idahwitse, kwangirika kw’inzira n’izindi ndwara ziterwa no kwinjira mu mazi yo munsi y’ubutaka, itandukaniro mu bikoresho byuzuye n’ibyo gucukura ndetse n’ikoranabuhanga ritari ryiza mu bwubatsi. Urusobe rw’amazi rugizwe n’ibice bitatu ni ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mu gukemura ibi bibazo. None se, ni izihe ngamba zarwo mu ihuriro ry’umuhanda uhurira hashyirwa umuhanda?

1. Impamvu zitera indwara n'ibisabwa mu gusohora amazi mu nzira y'umuhanda ishyirwamo amazi

Indwara zo mu muhanda ucagaguye zituruka ahanini ku kuvuguruzanya gukurikira:

1. Itandukaniro ry'amazi yo hasi n'iry'ibikoresho

Aho amazi yuzuzwa n'aho acukurwa akenshi hahinduka umuvuduko w'amazi bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'amazi yo munsi y'ubutaka, bigatuma amazi yuzuzwa yoroha cyangwa agasukwa.

2. Inenge mu mikorere y'ubwubatsi

Mu bikorwa bisanzwe, ibibazo nko gucukura intambwe zidakurikije amategeko no kudakora neza ku ihuriro ry’aho bacagagura ni ibintu bisanzwe.

2. Ibyiza bya tekiniki by'urushundura rw'amazi rufite imiterere itatu

1. Imikorere myiza yo kuvoma no kurwanya kuyungurura amazi

Urushundura rw'amazi rufite imiterere itatu rugizwe na geotextile ifite impande ebyiri n'igice cyo hagati gifite imiterere itatu. Ubunini bw'igice cy'amazi gifite imiterere ni 5-7.6mm, porosity ni >90%, kandi ubushobozi bwo gusohora amazi ni 1.2×10⁻³m²/s, bingana n'urwego rw'amabuye rufite ubugari bwa metero 1. Umuyoboro w'amazi ukozwe n'imbavu zawo zihagaze n'imbavu zihengamye ushobora kugumana ubushobozi bwo gutwara amazi mu buryo buhamye mugihe ufite umutwaro mwinshi (3000kPa).

2. Ingufu zo gukurura no gukomeza urufatiro

Imbaraga zo gukurura zikozwe mu buryo bwa "long-long" no mu buryo bwa "transverse" z'urushundura rw'amazi rufite imiterere itatu zishobora kugera kuri 50-120kN/m, zishobora gusimbura imikorere yo gushimangira ya zimwe mu ngero z'ubutaka. Iyo zishyizwe aho amazi ahurira n'aho acukurwa, imiterere y'inkingi yayo ishobora gukwirakwiza uburemere bw'imihangayiko no kugabanya itandukaniro ry'imikoreshereze y'amazi.

3. Kuramba no koroshya imirimo yo kubaka

Ikozwe muri polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi (HDPE) na fibre ya polyester, irwanya imirasire ya ultraviolet, aside na alkali corruption, kandi imara imyaka irenga 50. Imiterere yayo yoroheje (uburemere kuri buri gice kiri munsi ya 1.5kg/m²) ituma byoroha kuyishyira ku maboko cyangwa mu buryo bwa mashini, kandi ubushobozi bwo kuyikora buri hejuru ya 40% ugereranyije n'ubw'uduce dusanzwe tw'amabuye.

III. Aho kubaka no kugenzura ubuziranenge

1. Gutunganya ubuso bw'ibanze

Ubugari bw'intambwe yo gucukura aho amazi ahurira n'aho amazi acukurwa ni ≥1m, uburebure bw'ubutaka bugera ku butaka bukomeye, naho ikosa ry'ubuso butoshye ni ≤15mm. Kuraho ibintu bityaye kugira ngo wirinde gutobora umuyoboro w'amazi.

2. Uburyo bwo gushyiramo

(1) Urushundura rwo gusohora amazi rushyirwa ku murongo w'umuhanda, kandi icyerekezo cy'imbaraga nyamukuru kiba gihagaze ku ntambwe;

(2) Ihuriro rishyirwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusudira bushyushye cyangwa imisumari ifite ishusho ya U, hamwe n'intera ya ≤1m;

(3) Ingano ntarengwa y'uduce tw'inyuma ni ≤6cm, kandi imashini zoroheje zikoreshwa mu gufunga kugira ngo hirindwe kwangiza igice cy'imbere cy'urukuta.

3. Igenzura ry'ubuziranenge

Nyuma yo gushyiramo, hagomba gukorwa ikizamini cyo kuyobora amazi (agaciro gasanzwe ka ≥1×10⁻³m²/s) n'ikizamini cyo gupima imbaraga zihurirana (imbaraga zo gukurura ≥80% by'agaciro k'igishushanyo).

Nkuko bigaragara muri ibi byavuzwe haruguru, urusobe rw'amazi rugizwe n'ibice bitatu rushobora kunoza uburyo umuhanda uhuriramo amazi ucukurwa neza, ugakomeza gukurura no kuramba.