Mu buhanga mu by’imiyoboro y’amazi, uburyo bwo kuvoma amazi ni ingenzi cyane. Urushundura rw’amazi rufite imiterere itatu ni ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mu buhanga mu by’imiyoboro y’amazi. None se, ni izihe ngamba zigira mu by’imiyoboro y’amazi?
I. Ibiranga tekiniki by'urushundura rw'amazi rufite imiterere itatu
Urushundura rw’amazi rufite imiterere itatu ni urusobe rw’inyuma rw’imashini ya pulasitiki ifite imiterere itatu rukozwe muri polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi (HDPE) hamwe n’icyuma gifunganye gifite impande ebyiri. Imiterere yacyo ni umuyoboro w’amazi ukozwe n’imbavu zihagaze n’imbavu zo hejuru n’izo hepfo zishyigikira kugira ngo habeho uburyo buhamye bwo gushyigikira. Kubwibyo, gifite ibyiza bitatu by’ingenzi mu bya tekiniki:
1. Ubushobozi bwo gusohora amazi neza: Ingufu zishobora kugera kuri metero 2500/umunsi, bingana n'ingaruka z'amazi y'urukuta rufite ubugari bwa metero 1, kandi zishobora gusohora amazi mu mwobo vuba.
2. Ubudahangarwa bw'umuvuduko mwinshi: Ishobora kwihanganira umutwaro w'umuvuduko mwinshi wa 3000kPa igihe kirekire, ubugari bw'inkingi ya mesh ni 5-8mm, kandi imbaraga zo gukurura ni ≥36.5kN/m, bigatuma ikora neza mu bihe bigoye by'ubutaka.
3. Imirimo yo kurinda yuzuye: Ifite imikorere yo kurwanya kuyungurura, gutuma umwuka usohoka, no gukomeza umusingi, ikora uburyo bwo kurinda buhuriweho bwo “kurwanya kuyungurura amazi no kuyakuramo”.
II. Ibintu bine by'ingenzi bikoreshwa mu buhanga mu byuma byo mu mazi
1. Urusobe rw'amazi inyuma y'urusobe rw'amazi
Umuvuduko w'amazi uterwa byoroshye bitewe n'ubwinshi bw'amazi yo mu butaka inyuma y'urukuta rw'ubutaka, bigatera gusohoka ndetse no kwangirika kw'imiterere y'ubutaka. Urushundura rw'amazi rufite imiterere itatu rushyirwa hagati y'urukuta n'urutare rukikije kugira ngo rukore umuyoboro w'amazi muremure uyobora amazi yo mu misozi mu mwobo wo ku ruhande kugira ngo asohoke.
2. Sisitemu yo gusohora amazi mu buryo bwa "inverted arch"
Urutare ruhindukiye rushobora kwangirika bitewe n’uko amazi yirundanyije. Urushundura rw’amazi rufite imiterere itatu rukoreshwa hamwe n’urukuta rw’amabuye kugira ngo amazi yo munsi y’ubutaka anyure vuba. Imiterere yarwo ifite imiterere itatu ishobora kubuza amazi yo mu miyoboro y’amazi kwiyongera no gukumira kwangirika kw’urubura rw’igihe cy’itumba.
3. Urukuta rw'inyuma rw'amazi asohoka
Mu mwobo ufite amabuye adakomeye awukikije, amazi asohoka mu rukuta rwo ku ruhande ashobora gutuma imiterere y’inkunga ihinduka idahindagurika. Nk’urwego rw’amazi asohoka ku rukuta rwo ku ruhande, urusobe rw’amazi rufite imiterere itatu ntirushobora gusa gusohora amazi asohoka mu rukuta rwo ku ruhande, ahubwo runagabanya ubwihindurize bw’urutare rukikije bitewe n’imbaraga zarwo nyinshi zo gukurura. Amakuru y’ibizamini agaragaza ko imbaraga zarwo zo gukata ziruta 40% ugereranyije n’iz’ibikoresho gakondo, bishobora kwemeza ko urukuta rwo ku ruhande rudahindagurika.
4. Urukuta rw'amazi rwo mu muyoboro w'amazi
Umuyoboro w'amazi ukunze gusenyuka bitewe n'amazi yinjira hejuru y'amazi. Urushundura rw'amazi rufite imiterere itatu rushyirwa inyuma y'umuyoboro w'amazi kugira ngo rukore urwego rw'amazi ruyobora amazi hejuru mu mwobo w'amazi. Ubudahangarwa bwarwo bwo kwangirika bushobora kurwanya isuri iterwa n'amazi yo munsi y'ubutaka kandi bugatuma amazi ahora ahindagurika igihe kirekire.
III. Aho kubaka no kugenzura ubuziranenge
1. Gushyira icyerekezo: Icyerekezo cy'uburebure bw'umuzingo w'ibikoresho kigomba kuba gihagaze neza ku murongo w'umuyoboro kugira ngo umuyoboro w'amazi uhuze n'icyerekezo cy'amazi.
2. Gutunganya ingingo: Koresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gufunga cyangwa gusudira kugira ngo ukore, uburebure bw'aho zihurira ni ≥15cm, kandi ukoreshe imisumari ifite ishusho ya U cyangwa imikandara ya polymer kugira ngo uhuze buri metero 0.3.
3. Kurinda icyuma gifunga: Gushyira icyuma gifunga bigomba kurangira mu masaha 48 nyuma yo gushyiramo, ingano ntarengwa y'agace k'icyuma ni ≤6cm, kandi hakoreshwa uburyo bworoshye bwo gufunga kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'inkingi y'icyuma.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-29-2025
