He maha ngā wāhanga o te whatunga waikeri whakakotahi

I roto i ngā mahi hangarau ā-iwi me ngā hanganga hanganga o ēnei rā, he mea tino nui te pūnaha waikeri. He tino pai te mahi waikeri o te whatunga waikeri hiato, he kaha teitei, he pakari hoki, ā, he mea whakamahi noa i roto i ngā rori, i ngā rēriwe, i ngā kauhanga, i ngā kaupapa tiaki wai me ngā whenua ururua. Nō reira, e hia ngā wāhanga e hangaia ana?

E toru ngā wāhanga matua o te kupenga waikeri whakakotahi: te matua mata kirihou, te papanga whenua uru-wai, me te paparanga piri e hono ana i ngā mea e rua. Ka mahi tahi ēnei wāhanga e toru hei whakarite i te pai o te waikeri, te kaha me te roa o te whatunga waikeri whakakotahi.

1, matua mata kirihou

（1）Ko te pūtake o te mata kirihou te tautoko hanganga matua o te kupenga waikeri whakakotahi, he mea hanga ki te polyethylene matotoru (HDPE). He rite te kaha o ngā rauemi kirihou mā te tukanga whakakoi motuhake. He hanganga ahurei e toru-ahu, e hangaia ana mā te rara poutū me te rara whakapae. Ehara i te mea he pakari noa iho ēnei rara, ā, ka taea te hanga i tētahi awa waikeri whai hua, engari ka tautoko hoki tetahi i tetahi kia kore ai e whakaurua te geotextile ki roto i te awa waikeri, kia mau ai te pumau me te mahi waikeri o te kupenga waikeri i raro i te kawenga nui.

（2）He maha ngā hoahoa o te matua whatu kirihou, tae atu ki te matua whatu rua-ahu me te matua whatu toru-ahu. Ko te matua whatu rua-ahu he mea hanga ki te matua whatu rerenga wai me te hanganga rara-rua, ko te matua whatu toru-ahu kei roto i ngā rara e toru, neke atu rānei, e hanga ana i tētahi hanganga uaua ake i te wāhi, e whakarato ana i te kaha rerenga wai teitei ake me te kaha pēhi. Ina koa ko te whatunga rerenga wai whakakotahi toru-ahu, ka taea e tōna hanganga ahurei te tuku tere i te wai whenua o te rori me te aukati i te wai capillary i raro i te kawenga nui, e whai wāhi ana ki te wehe me te whakapakari i te turanga.

2, Geotextile uru-wai

（1）Ko te geotextile uru-wai tētahi atu wāhanga nui o te kupenga waikeri hiato, e honoa tata ana ki ngā taha e rua, ki tētahi taha rānei o te matua mata kirihou mā te tukanga here wera. Ko te geotextile uru-wai he mea hanga mai i te geotextile kore-whatu kua werohia ki te ngira, he tino pai te uru-wai me te mahi ārai-tātari. Nā tōna kaha ki te ārai i ngā matūriki oneone me ngā poke iti kei uru ki te awa waikeri, ka taea hoki e ia te makuku te haere noa, kia kore ai e araia te pūnaha waikeri.

（2）He mea nui te whiriwhiri i ngā kākahu whenua uru-wai ki te mahi a te kupenga waikeri hiato. Ehara i te mea he pai te rahi o ngā pore, te uru-wai me te uruhanga o ngā kākahu whenua uru-wai kounga teitei, engari he kaha wero nui, he kaha haehae trapezoidal me te kaha pupuri, kia taea ai te ātete i ngā kaha o waho me te horo o te taiao i roto i te whakamahinga roa.

3, Paparanga piri

（1）Ko te paparanga piri te wāhanga matua hei hono i te matua mata kirihou me te geotextile uru-wai. He mea hanga ki ngā rauemi thermoplastic motuhake. Mā te tukanga hononga wera, ka taea e te paparanga piri te whakakotahi pūmau i te matua mata kirihou me te geotextile uru-wai hei hanga i tētahi kupenga rerenga wai whakakotahi me te hanganga whakauru. Ehara i te mea ka whakarite noa tēnei hanganga i te pumau me te roa o te kupenga rerenga wai, engari ka māmā ake, ka tere ake hoki te tāutanga me te whakatakoto.

（2）He mea nui te pānga o te mahi a te paparanga piri ki te pai o te rerenga wai me te kaha ārai-pakeke o te kupenga rerenga wai whakakotahi. Mā te paparanga piri kounga teitei ka taea te whakarite kia kore te kupenga rerenga wai e pakaru, e taka rānei i te wā e whakamahia ana mō te wā roa, ā, ka taea hoki te whakarite kia mau tonu, kia pumau hoki te pūnaha rerenga wai.

E kitea ana i runga ake nei, e toru ngā wāhanga o te kupenga waikeri hiato: te matua mata kirihou, te papanga whenua uru-wai, me te paparanga piri. Ka mahi tahi ēnei wāhanga hei whakarite i te pai o te waikeri, te kaha me te roa o te mau o te kupenga waikeri hiato.