Bulangeti la simenti ndi mtundu watsopano wa zipangizo zomangira
Kufotokozera Kwachidule:
Mati a simenti ndi mtundu watsopano wa zipangizo zomangira zomwe zimaphatikiza ukadaulo wa simenti ndi ulusi wa nsalu. Amapangidwa makamaka ndi simenti yapadera, nsalu za ulusi wamitundu itatu, ndi zina zowonjezera. Nsalu ya ulusi wamitundu itatu imagwira ntchito ngati chimango, kupereka mawonekedwe oyambira komanso kusinthasintha kwina kwa mati a simenti. Simenti yapaderayi imagawidwa mofanana mkati mwa nsalu ya ulusi. Zikangokhudzana ndi madzi, zigawo zomwe zili mu simentiyo zimakumana ndi madzi, pang'onopang'ono zimalimbitsa mati a simenti ndikupanga kapangidwe kolimba kofanana ndi konkriti. Zowonjezera zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonza magwiridwe antchito a mati a simenti, monga kusintha nthawi yoyika ndikuwonjezera kuletsa madzi kulowa.
Mati a simenti ndi mtundu watsopano wa zipangizo zomangira zomwe zimaphatikiza ukadaulo wa simenti ndi ulusi wa nsalu. Amapangidwa makamaka ndi simenti yapadera, nsalu za ulusi wamitundu itatu, ndi zina zowonjezera. Nsalu ya ulusi wamitundu itatu imagwira ntchito ngati chimango, kupereka mawonekedwe oyambira komanso kusinthasintha kwina kwa mati a simenti. Simenti yapaderayi imagawidwa mofanana mkati mwa nsalu ya ulusi. Zikangokhudzana ndi madzi, zigawo zomwe zili mu simentiyo zimakumana ndi madzi, pang'onopang'ono zimalimbitsa mati a simenti ndikupanga kapangidwe kolimba kofanana ndi konkriti. Zowonjezera zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonza magwiridwe antchito a mati a simenti, monga kusintha nthawi yoyika ndikuwonjezera kuletsa madzi kulowa.
- Zinthu Zamalonda
- Kusinthasintha Kwabwino: Mpando wopangidwa ndi simenti ukakhala wouma usanakhudze madzi, umakhala ngati bulangeti wamba. Ukhoza kupindika mosavuta, kupindika, kapena kudula, zomwe zimathandiza kunyamula ndi kusunga. Kusinthasintha kumeneku kumauthandiza kuti uzitha kusintha malo osiyanasiyana ovuta komanso malo omangira osakhazikika. Mwachitsanzo, m'mapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono osamalira madzi m'madera amapiri, mpando wopangidwa ndi simenti ungathe kuyikidwa m'mphepete mwa ngalande mosavuta, popanda kufunikira kukonza zinthu zovuta monga konkriti yachikhalidwe.
- Kapangidwe Kosavuta: Kapangidwe kake ndi kosavuta komanso kachangu. Chomwe muyenera kuchita ndikuyika mphasa yopangidwa ndi simenti pamalo oyenera kenako nkuthirira. Mukathirira, mphasa yopangidwa ndi simenti idzalimba pang'onopang'ono mkati mwa nthawi inayake (nthawi zambiri kutengera zomwe zapangidwazo komanso momwe zinthu zilili, nthawi zambiri mkati mwa maola ochepa). Poyerekeza ndi kapangidwe ka simenti kachikhalidwe, izi zimachepetsa kwambiri njira zovuta monga kusakaniza ndi kuthira, ndipo sizifuna zida zazikulu zomangira, motero zimachepetsa zovuta komanso mtengo womangira.
- Kukhazikitsa Mwachangu: Mukangokumana ndi madzi, mphasa yopangidwa ndi simenti imatha kukhazikika mwachangu ndikupanga nyumba yokhala ndi mphamvu inayake. Nthawi yokhazikitsa ikhoza kusinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana. Mu mapulojekiti ena okonza mwadzidzidzi, monga kukonza misewu ndi kulimbitsa madamu kwakanthawi, khalidweli la kukhazikitsa mwachangu lingakhale ndi gawo lalikulu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pulojekitiyo ibwezeretse ntchito zake zoyambira munthawi yochepa.
- Kuteteza Madzi Kubwino: Popeza chinthu chachikulu chomwe chili ndi simenti, mphasa yolimba ya simenti imakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino yosalowa madzi. Imatha kuletsa kulowa kwa madzi ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pophimba ngalande m'mapulojekiti osamalira madzi, kuletsa madzi pansi pa maiwe, ndi zina zotero. Kuphatikiza apo, mphasa zina za simenti zomwe zimakonzedwa mwapadera zimakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino yosalowa madzi ndipo zimatha kupirira kuthamanga kwa madzi pang'ono.
- Madera Ogwiritsira Ntchito
- Mapulojekiti Osamalira Madzi: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ndi kukonza ngalande, migolo yamadzi, malo osungiramo madzi ang'onoang'ono, maiwe, ndi malo ena osungira madzi. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza ngalande zakale zotayikira madzi, mphasa yopangidwa ndi simenti ikhoza kuyikidwa mwachindunji pakhoma lamkati la ngalande. Pambuyo pothirira ndi kuuma, gawo latsopano losalowa madzi lidzapangidwa, lomwe lingathandize bwino kuyendetsa bwino madzi m'ngalande ndikuchepetsa kuwononga madzi.
- Mapulojekiti a Misewu: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza misewu kwakanthawi, kukonza misewu ya kumidzi mosavuta, komanso kulimbitsa malo oimika magalimoto. Pakakhala mabowo kapena kuwonongeka kwa m'deralo pamsewu, mphasa yopangidwa ndi simenti ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zinthu zokonzera mwachangu kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa magalimoto chifukwa cha kukonza misewu. Pakumanga misewu yakumidzi, mphasa yopangidwa ndi simenti ingapereke njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo yolimbitsira nthaka.
- Ntchito Zomanga: Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza madzi pomanga maziko, kuletsa madzi pansi pa nyumba, ndi kulimbitsa nthaka ya minda ya padenga. Poteteza madzi mozungulira maziko a nyumba, zimatha kuletsa madzi apansi pa nyumba kuti asawononge maziko; poteteza madzi pansi pa nyumba, zimatha kuwonjezera chotchinga chosalowa madzi cha pansi pa nyumba; m'minda ya padenga, mphasa yopangidwa ndi simenti ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zinthu zapansi, kukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zolimbitsa komanso zoteteza madzi.
- Mapulojekiti Okongoletsa Malo: Amagwira ntchito yoteteza malo otsetsereka m'minda, m'minda ya maluwa, ndi m'njira zoyendera anthu. Mu mapulojekiti oteteza malo otsetsereka, mphasa yopangidwa ndi simenti imatha kuteteza nthaka kuti isakokoloke komanso kuteteza zomera m'minda; pomanga bedi la maluwa, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati khoma ndi pansi pa bedi la maluwa, kupereka chithandizo cha kapangidwe kake ndi ntchito zoteteza madzi; pokonza bedi la anthu oyenda pansi, mphasa yopangidwa ndi simenti imatha kudulidwa ndikuyikidwa malinga ndi zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake kuti ipange njira zokongola komanso zothandiza.
