Bulangeti la Simenti la Galasi la Ufa
Kufotokozera Kwachidule:
Kanivasi ya konkriti, ndi mtundu watsopano wa zinthu zophatikizika zomwe zimaphatikiza ulusi wagalasi ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi simenti. Izi ndizomwe zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane kuchokera kuzinthu monga kapangidwe, mfundo, zabwino ndi zoyipa
Kanivasi ya konkriti, ndi mtundu watsopano wa zinthu zophatikizika zomwe zimaphatikiza ulusi wagalasi ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi simenti. Izi ndizomwe zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane kuchokera kuzinthu monga kapangidwe, mfundo, zabwino ndi zoyipa
Makhalidwe
- Mphamvu Yaikulu ndi Kukhalitsa: Kuphatikiza kwa mphamvu ya ulusi wagalasi ndi mawonekedwe olimba a simenti kumapatsa bulangeti la simenti la ulusi wagalasi mphamvu yaikulu komanso kulimba bwino. Limatha kupirira kupsinjika kwakukulu ndi mphamvu zomangika, ndipo silingathe kusweka kapena kusokonekera mukamagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali. Limatha kukana kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, monga mvula, kuwonongeka kwa mphepo, kuwala kwa ultraviolet, ndi zina zotero, ndipo limakhala ndi moyo wautali.
- Kusinthasintha Kwabwino: Poyerekeza ndi zinthu zachikhalidwe za simenti, bulangeti la simenti la ulusi wagalasi lili ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kusinthasintha kwa ulusi wagalasi kumalola bulangeti la simenti kupindika ndi kupindika pamlingo winawake, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ligwirizane ndi zofunikira pakupanga mawonekedwe ndi malo osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, poika mapaipi okhota, makoma opindika kapena nthaka yotsetsereka, imatha kulowa bwino pamwamba ndikutsimikizira kuti kapangidwe kake kali bwino.
- Kapangidwe Kosavuta: Bulangeti la simenti lagalasi ndi lopepuka komanso laling'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale losavuta kunyamula ndikugwira. Pa nthawi yomanga, sipafunika kupanga ma formwork ambiri ndi zinthu zothandizira monga kapangidwe ka simenti yachikhalidwe. Limangofunika kutsegula bulangeti la simenti ndikuliyika pamalo ofunikira, kenako nkumachita kuthirira ndi kuchiritsa kapena kulimbitsa mwachilengedwe, zomwe zimafupikitsa nthawi yomanga ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito omanga.
- Kugwira Ntchito Bwino Kosalowa Madzi: Pambuyo pokonza mwapadera, bulangeti la simenti la ulusi wagalasi limakhala ndi ntchito yabwino yosalowa madzi. Kapangidwe kokhuthala komwe kamapangidwa ndi simenti panthawi yolimbitsa komanso mphamvu yotsekereza ulusi wagalasi kumatha kuletsa kulowa kwa madzi. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'zigawo zina zaukadaulo zomwe zimafunikira madzi ambiri, monga kukonza denga, zipinda zapansi, ndi matanki amadzi osalowa madzi.
- Kuchita Bwino Kwachilengedwe: Zipangizo zazikulu zopangira bulangeti la simenti la ulusi wagalasi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zinthu zopanda chilengedwe monga ulusi wagalasi ndi simenti, zomwe zilibe zinthu zovulaza ndipo sizimawononga chilengedwe. Pakugwiritsa ntchito, sizitulutsa mpweya woipa kapena zoipitsa chilengedwe, zomwe zikukwaniritsa zofunikira zoteteza chilengedwe.
Madera Ogwiritsira Ntchito
- Mapulojekiti Osamalira Madzi: Mu mapulojekiti osamalira madzi, mabulangeti a simenti agalasi angagwiritsidwe ntchito popangira ngalande, kuteteza malo otsetsereka a damu, kulamulira mtsinje, ndi zina zotero. Kugwira ntchito kwake bwino kosalowa madzi komanso kuthekera kwake koletsa kupukuta madzi kumatha kuletsa kuwonongeka kwa madzi m'ngalande ndi m'madamu, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa madzi, ndikuwonjezera chitetezo ndi kukhazikika kwa mapulojekiti osamalira madzi.
- Mapulojekiti Oyendera: Pakumanga misewu, mabulangeti a simenti agalasi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati maziko a msewu kapena zinthu zapansi panthaka, zomwe zingathandize kuti msewu ukhale wolimba komanso wokhazikika. M'magawo ena apadera, monga maziko a nthaka yofewa ndi madera achipululu, mabulangeti a simenti agalasi angathandizenso kulimbitsa ndi kukhazikika kwa msewu. Kuphatikiza apo, pakupanga njanji, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuteteza ndi kulimbitsa mabulangeti a sitima.
- Ntchito Zomanga: Pa ntchito yomanga, mabulangeti a simenti agalasi angagwiritsidwe ntchito poteteza makoma akunja, kuteteza kutentha ndi kukongoletsa nyumba. Akagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi zinthu zotetezera kutentha, amatha kukonza bwino kutentha kwa nyumba ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Nthawi yomweyo, mabulangeti a simenti agalasi angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kukhala ma panelo okongoletsera amitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mitundu yosiyana kuti akongoletse kunja kwa nyumba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyumbayo ikhale yokongola.
- Mapulojekiti Oteteza Zachilengedwe: Mu mapulojekiti oteteza zachilengedwe, mabulangeti a simenti agalasi angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza malo otayira zinyalala komanso mkati mwa matanki oyeretsera zinyalala. Kugwira ntchito kwake kosalowa madzi komanso kukana dzimbiri kumatha kuletsa kutuluka kwa madzi otayira zinyalala m'malo otayira zinyalala, kuteteza madzi apansi panthaka ndi chilengedwe cha nthaka.
| Chizindikiro | Kufotokozera |
| Kapangidwe ka Zinthu | Nsalu yagalasi ya ulusi, zinthu zopangidwa ndi simenti (simenti, zinthu zosakaniza, zowonjezera) |
| Kulimba kwamakokedwe | [X] N/m (zimasiyana malinga ndi chitsanzo) |
| Mphamvu Yosinthasintha | [X] MPa (imasiyana malinga ndi chitsanzo) |
| Kukhuthala | [X] mm (kuyambira [kukhuthala kocheperako] - [kukhuthala kokwanira]) |
| M'lifupi | [X] m (m'lifupi mwachizolowezi: [lembani m'lifupi mwachizolowezi]) |
| Utali | [X] m (kutalika komwe kungasinthidwe kulipo) |
| Chiŵerengero cha Kuyamwa kwa Madzi | ≤ [X]% |
| Kalasi Yosalowa Madzi | [Mulingo wosalowa madzi] |
| Kulimba | Moyo wautumiki wa zaka [X] pansi pa mikhalidwe yabwinobwino |
| Kukana Moto | [Chiwerengero cha kukana moto] |
| Kukana Mankhwala | Yosagonjetsedwa ndi [lembani mankhwala wamba] |
| Kukhazikitsa Kutentha kwapakati | - [X]°C - [X]°C |
| Nthawi Yochiritsa | [X] maola (pansi pa kutentha kwabwinobwino ndi chinyezi) |
