Mu bwubatsi bwa none bw’ubwubatsi bw’ibyatsi n’ibikorwa remezo, uburyo bwo kuvoma ni ingenzi cyane. Imiyoboro y’amazi ivanze ifite imikorere myiza cyane yo kuvoma, ikomeye kandi iramba, kandi ikunze gukoreshwa mu mihanda, gari ya moshi, imiyoboro y’amazi, imishinga yo kubungabunga amazi no mu byobo byo kumena imyanda. None se, igizwe n’ibice bingahe?
Urushundura rw’amazi rugizwe n’ibice bitatu by’ingenzi: urufatiro rwa pulasitiki, urufatiro rw’amazi rushobora kwinjira mu mazi n’urwego rw’ubutare ruhuza ibyo byombi. Ibi bice bitatu bikorana kugira ngo bitume amazi asohoka neza, imbaraga nyinshi kandi biramba.
1, Urufatiro rw'imashini ya pulasitiki
（1）Ipfundo ry'umuyoboro wa pulasitiki ni ryo shingiro ry'inyubako y'urushundura rw'amazi rwakozwe muri polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi (HDPE) Ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bifite imbaraga zingana bikozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwihariye bwo gushushanya. Bifite imiterere yihariye y'ibice bitatu, ikorwa n'imbavu zihagaze n'izigororotse. Izi mbavu ntabwo zifite ubukana bwinshi gusa kandi zishobora gukora umuyoboro mwiza wo kuvoma, ahubwo zinashyigikirana kugira ngo hirindwe ko imbunda ya geotextile ishyirwa mu muyoboro w'amazi, bigamije ko urushundura rw'amazi rugumana ubusugire n'imikorere myiza yo kuvoma mu gihe cy'umutwaro mwinshi.
（2）Hari imiterere itandukanye y’inkingi ya pulasitiki, harimo igice cy’inyuma cy’impande ebyiri n’igice cy’inyuma cy’impande eshatu. Igice cy’inyuma cy’impande ebyiri kigizwe n’igice cy’inyuma cy’impande ebyiri gifite imiterere y’impande ebyiri, mu gihe igice cy’inyuma cy’impande eshatu kigizwe n’impande eshatu cyangwa zirenga, zikora imiterere igoye cyane mu kirere, itanga ubushobozi bwo kuvoma bwinshi n’imbaraga zo gukanda. Cyane cyane urusobe rw’impande eshatu rw’impande eshatu, imiterere yarwo yihariye ishobora gusohora vuba amazi yo mu butaka bw’umuhanda no kuziba amazi yo mu miyoboro y’amazi bitewe n’umutwaro mwinshi, ibyo bikaba bigira uruhare mu kwitandukanya no gukomeza urufatiro.
2. Geotextile inyura mu mazi
（1）Geotextile inyuzwa mu mazi ni ikindi gice cy'ingenzi cy'urushundura rw'amazi ruvanze, muri rusange rufatanye neza ku mpande zombi cyangwa uruhande rumwe rw'inkingi ya pulasitiki binyuze mu buryo bwo guhuza ubushyuhe. Geotextile inyuzwa mu mazi ikozwe muri geotextile idapfundikiye ikozwe mu buryo bw'urushinge, ifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjira neza mu mazi no kurwanya kuyungurura. Ifite ubushobozi bwo gukumira uduce tw'ubutaka n'imyanda mito kwinjira mu muyoboro w'amazi, kandi ituma ubushuhe bunyura mu buryo bwihuse, bigatuma inzira yo kuzana amazi itagira inkomyi.
（2） Guhitamo geotextile inyuzwa mu mazi bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y’urushundura rw’amazi ruvanze. Geotextile nziza inyuzwa mu mazi ntabwo ifite gusa ingano igaragara y’imyenge, inyuzwa mu mazi n’inyuzwa mu mazi, ahubwo inafite imbaraga zo gutobora cyane, imbaraga zo gucikamo ibice bya trapezoidal n’imbaraga zo gufata, kugira ngo ishobore kurwanya imbaraga zitandukanye zo hanze no kwangirika kw’ibidukikije mu gihe kirekire.
3, Urwego rwometseho
（1）Urupapuro rw'ubudodo ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi gihuza igice cy'imbere cya pulasitiki n'igice cy'imbere cya pulasitiki gishobora kwinjira mu mazi. Rukozwe mu bikoresho byihariye bya thermoplastic. Binyuze mu buryo bushyushye bwo guhuza, igice cy'ubudodo gishobora guhuza igice cy'imbere cya pulasitiki n'igice cy'imbere cya pulasitiki gishobora kwinjira mu mazi kugira ngo bikore urusobe rw'amazi rufite imiterere ihuriweho. Uru rusobe ntirutuma gusa urusobe rw'amazi rukomera kandi ruramba, ahubwo runatuma rushyirwamo kandi rugashyirwamo byoroshye kandi byihuse.
（2）Imikorere y'urwego rw'ubudozi ifite ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere myiza y'urusobe rw'amazi ruvanze mu kugabanya gusaza. Urwo rwego rw'ubudozi rufite ubuziranenge butuma urusobe rw'amazi rudacika cyangwa ngo rugwe mu gihe rumaze gukoreshwa, kandi rushobora kwemeza ko uburyo bwo kuvoma bukomeza kandi buhamye.
Nkuko bigaragara muri ibi byavuzwe haruguru, urushundura rw’amazi rugizwe n’ibice bitatu: igice cy’imbere cya pulasitiki, igishishwa cya geotextile gishobora kwinjira mu mazi n’urwego rwo gufatana. Ibi bice bikorana kugira ngo amazi anyurwe neza, akomere cyane kandi arambe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-17-2025
