Inethiwekhi yokudonsa amanzi yamaphrojekthi okonga amanzi
Incazelo emfushane:
- Inethiwekhi yokukhipha amanzi kumaphrojekthi okonga amanzi iyisistimu esetshenziselwa ukukhipha amanzi ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi njengamadamu, amadamu okugcina amanzi, kanye nama-levees. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukukhipha amanzi aphumayo ngaphakathi komzimba wedamu kanye nama-levees ngempumelelo, ukwehlisa izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kanye nokunciphisa umfutho wamanzi emigodini, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza nokuphepha kwezakhiwo zephrojekthi yokonga amanzi. Isibonelo, kuphrojekthi yedamu, uma amanzi aphumayo ngaphakathi komzimba wedamu engakwazi ukukhushulwa ngesikhathi esifanele, umzimba wedamu uzoba sesimweni sokugcwala, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwamandla okusika kwezinto zedamu kanye nokwandisa izingozi zokuphepha ezingaba khona njengokudilika kwedamu.
- Isimiso Sokukhipha Amanzi
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- Inethiwekhi yokukhipha amanzi kumaphrojekthi okulondolozwa kwamanzi isebenzisa kakhulu isimiso sokukhipha amanzi adonsela phansi. Ngaphakathi komzimba wedamu noma i-levee, ngenxa yokuba khona komehluko wamanzi, amanzi azogeleza esuka endaweni ephezulu (njengendawo yokuvuza ngaphakathi komzimba wedamu) aye endaweni ephansi (njengemigodi yokukhipha amanzi, i-drainage galleries) ngaphansi kwesenzo sokudonsa amanzi. Lapho amanzi engena emigodini yokukhipha amanzi noma i-drainage galleries, abese ekhishwa amanzi aye endaweni ephephile ngaphandle komzimba wedamu, njengomsele womfula ongezansi wedama noma ichibi lokukhipha amanzi elikhethekile, ngohlelo noma isiteshi sepayipi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuba khona kwengqimba yokuhlunga kwenza isakhiwo senhlabathi sihlale sizinzile ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha amanzi, kugwenywe ukulahlekelwa yinhlabathi ngaphakathi komzimba wedamu noma i-levee ngenxa yokukhipha amanzi.
- Izicelo Emisebenzini Ehlukene Yokulondolozwa Kwamanzi
- Amaphrojekthi Edamu:
- Edamini elikhonkolo, ngaphezu kokubeka imigodi yokukhipha amanzi kanye nezindawo zokukhipha amanzi, izindawo zokukhipha amanzi zizobekwa endaweni yokuxhumana phakathi komzimba wedamu kanye nesisekelo ukuze kuncishiswe ingcindezi yokuphakamisa amanzi esisekelweni sedamu. Ingcindezi yokuphakamisa amanzi ingcindezi yamanzi ephezulu phansi kwedamu. Uma ingalawulwa, izonciphisa ukucindezeleka okusebenzayo kokucindezela phansi kwedamu futhi ithinte ukuzinza kwedamu. Ngokukhipha amanzi aphuma esisekelweni sedamu ngenethiwekhi yokukhipha amanzi, ingcindezi yokuphakamisa ingancishiswa ngempumelelo. Kuphrojekthi yedamu eliyidwala lomhlaba, ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi yokukhipha amanzi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kudinga ukucabangela izici ezifana nokugeleza kwezinto zomzimba wedamu kanye nokwehla komzimba wedamu. Ngokuvamile, imizimba yokukhipha amanzi eqondile kanye nemizimba yokukhipha amanzi evundlile izobekwa ngaphakathi komzimba wedamu, njengezinsika zesihlabathi zokukhipha amanzi eziboshwe ngama-geotextiles.
- Amaphrojekthi e-Levee:
- Ama-levee asetshenziswa kakhulu ekulawuleni izikhukhula, futhi ukugxila kwamanethiwekhi awo okukhipha amanzi ukuthulula amanzi aphuma emzimbeni we-levee kanye nesisekelo. Amapayipi okukhipha amanzi azofakwa ngaphakathi komzimba we-levee, futhi izindonga ezisikiwe kanye nemithombo yokukhulula amanzi kuzofakwa engxenyeni yesisekelo. Udonga olusikiwe lungavimbela imizimba yamanzi yangaphandle njengamanzi omfula ukuthi ingene esisekelweni, kanti imithombo yokukhulula amanzi ingathulula amanzi aphumayo ngaphakathi kwesisekelo, yehlise izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba esisekelo, futhi ivimbele izinhlekelele ezingaba khona ezifana nokuthulula amapayipi esisekelweni.
- Amaphrojekthi Okubhukha:
- Inethiwekhi yokukhipha amanzi edamini ayidingi nje kuphela ukucabangela ukudonswa kwamanzi edamini kodwa futhi nokudonswa kwamanzi ezintabeni ezizungezile. Kuzobekwa imisele ezungeze idamu ukuze kuvinjwe ukugeleza kwamanzi okungaphezulu njengamanzi emvula bese kuyiqondisa emiseleni yokukhipha amanzi ngaphandle kwedami, kugwenywe ukuthi amanzi emvula angahlanzi imisele futhi angene esisekelweni sedami ledami. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindawo zokukhipha amanzi edamini ledami ledami ngokwalo kumele ziqinisekise ukuthi amanzi aphuma emzimbeni wedami angadonswa amanzi ngesikhathi esifanele ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwedami.
- Amaphrojekthi Edamu:
| Izinto zepharamitha | Iyunithi | Izindinganiso Zesibonelo | Incazelo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ububanzi Bemigodi Yokukhipha Amanzi | mm (millimeter) | 50, 75, 100, njll. | Usayizi wobubanzi bangaphakathi bemigodi yokukhipha amanzi, othinta ukugeleza kokukhipha amanzi kanye nokuhlungwa kwezinhlayiya ezinobukhulu obuhlukene. |
| Isikhala Semigodi Yokudonsa Amanzi | m (imitha) | 2, 3, 5, njll. | Ibanga eliqondile noma eliqondile phakathi kwemigodi yokukhipha amanzi eseduze, elibekwe ngokwesakhiwo sobunjiniyela kanye nezidingo zokukhipha amanzi. |
| Ububanzi bezindawo zokudonsa amanzi | m (imitha) | 1.5, 2, 3, njll. | Ububanzi besigaba esiphambene segalari yokukhipha amanzi, okufanele sihlangabezane nezidingo zokufinyelela kwabasebenzi, ukufakwa kwemishini kanye nokukhipha amanzi okubushelelezi. |
| Ukuphakama Kwezindawo Zokudonsela Amanzi | m (imitha) | 2, 2.5, 3, njll. | Ubukhulu bokuphakama kwengxenye evundlile yegalari yokukhipha amanzi. Kanye nobubanzi, inquma umthamo wayo wokugeleza kwamanzi kanye nezinye izici. |
| Usayizi Wezinhlayiya Zezendlalelo Zesihlungi | mm (millimeter) | Isihlabathi esihle: 0.1 - 0.25 Isihlabathi esimaphakathi: 0.25 - 0.5 Amatshe acwebezelayo: 5 - 10, njll. (izibonelo zezingqimba ezahlukene) | Ububanzi bobukhulu bezinhlayiya zezinto ezikuleso naleso sendlalelo sesihlungi, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ingakhipha amanzi ngenkathi ivimbela ukulahleka kwezinhlayiya zomhlabathi. |
| Izinto Zokusebenzisa Amapayipi Okukhipha Amanzi | - | I-PVC, Ipayipi Lensimbi, Ipayipi Lensimbi Ebunjiwe, njll. | Izinto ezisetshenziswa kumapayipi okukhipha amanzi. Izinto ezahlukene zinomehluko emandleni, ukumelana nokugqwala, izindleko, njll. |
| Izinga Lokugeleza Kwamanzi | m³/h (amamitha ama-cubic ngehora) | 10, 20, 50, njll. | Inani lamanzi akhishwa ngenethiwekhi yokukhipha amanzi ngesikhathi seyunithi ngayinye, okubonisa umthamo wokukhipha amanzi. |
| Ukucindezela Okuphezulu Kokukhipha Amanzi | kPa (kilopascal) | 100, 200, 500, njll. | Ingcindezi ephezulu kakhulu inethiwekhi yokukhipha amanzi engamelana nayo, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo okuzinzile ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile nezimbi kakhulu. |
| Ukwehla Kwemisele Yamanzi | % (iphesenti) noma iDigri | 1%, 2% noma 1°, 2°, njll. | Izinga lokuthambekela kwamapayipi okukhipha amanzi, amagalari, njll., kusetshenziswa amandla adonsela phansi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi akhishwa kahle. |
