Ekwakhiweni komgwaqo omkhulu, umbhede womgwaqo ohlanganisiwe osikiwe uyisixhumanisi esibuthakathaka esakhiweni sombhede womgwaqo, okuvame ukubangela ukuhlala okungalingani, ukuqhekeka kwendlela kanye nezinye izifo ngenxa yokungena kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, umehluko ezintweni zokugcwalisa kanye nokumba kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwakha obungafanele. Inethiwekhi yokudonsa amanzi ehlanganisiwe enama-dimension amathathu iyinto evame ukusetshenziswa ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga. Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinhlelo zayo kumbhede womgwaqo ohlanganisiwe ohlanganisiwe osikiwe?
1. Izimbangela zezifo kanye nezidingo zokukhipha amanzi emgwaqeni ohlanganayo
Izifo zomgwaqo ongaphansi kwe-cut-fill zivela kakhulu ekuphikisaneni okulandelayo:
1. Ukwehluka kokungena kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo
Ukuhlangana phakathi kwendawo yokugcwalisa nendawo yokumba kuvame ukwakha i-hydraulic gradient ngenxa yomehluko emazingeni angaphansi komhlaba, okuholela ekuthambekeni noma ekukhuculweni kokugcwalisa.
2. Amaphutha enqubo yokwakha
Ezinqubweni zendabuko, izinkinga ezifana nokumba okungajwayelekile kanye nokungagcwalisi ngokwanele endaweni yokusika zivamile.
2. Izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe zenethi yokudonsa amanzi ehlanganisiwe enezinhlangothi ezintathu
1. Ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha amanzi kanye nokulwa nokuhlunga
Inethi yokukhipha amanzi ehlanganisiwe enezinhlangothi ezintathu yakhiwe nge-geotextile enezinhlangothi ezimbili kanye ne-mesh core enezinhlangothi ezintathu ephakathi. Ubukhulu be-mesh core bungu-5-7.6mm, i-porosity ingu->90%, kanti umthamo wokukhipha amanzi ungu-1.2×10⁻³m²/s, okulingana nesendlalelo setshe eliwugqinsi esingu-1m. Isiteshi sokukhipha amanzi esakhiwe yizimbambo zaso eziqondile kanye nezimbambo ezithambekele singagcina ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi okuzinzile ngaphansi komthwalo ophezulu (3000kPa).
2. Amandla okuqina kanye nokuqinisa isisekelo
Amandla okudonseka aqondile nangokweqile ngenethi yokudonsa amanzi ehlanganisiwe enezinhlangothi ezintathu angafinyelela ku-50-120kN/m, okungathatha indawo yomsebenzi wokuqinisa wezinye izindawo. Uma ibekwe endaweni yokuhlangana kokugcwaliswa nokumbiwa, isakhiwo sayo esiyinhloko se-mesh singasabalalisa ukugxila kokucindezeleka futhi sinciphise ukuhlala okuhlukile.
3. Ukuqina kanye nokulula kokwakhiwa
Yenziwe nge-polyethylene enamandla kakhulu (i-HDPE) kanye ne-polyester fiber composite, emelana nemisebe ye-ultraviolet, i-asidi kanye nokugqwala kwe-alkali, futhi inempilo yokusebenza yeminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50. Izici zayo ezilula (isisindo ngeyunithi ngayinye indawo <1.5kg/m²) zenza kube lula ukuyibeka ngesandla noma ngomshini, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa kuphakeme ngo-40% kunokwezendlalelo zendabuko zamatshe.
III. Izindawo zokwakha kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi
1. Ukwelashwa kobuso obuyisisekelo
Ububanzi bokumba besinyathelo lapho kuhlangana khona ukugcwaliswa nokumba buyi-≥1m, ukujula kufinyelele ungqimba lomhlabathi oluqinile, kanti iphutha lokuthamba kobuso liyi-≤15mm. Susa izinto ezibukhali ukuze ugweme ukubhoboza inetha lokukhipha amanzi.
2. Inqubo yokubeka
(1) Inethi yokukhipha amanzi ibekwe eceleni komugqa womgwaqo, futhi isiqondiso samandla esiyinhloko siqonde ngqo esitebhisini;
(2) Ukugqagqana kuqiniswa ngokushisela okuncibilikisiwe okushisayo noma izinzipho ezimise okwe-U, ngesikhala esingu-≤1m;
(3) Usayizi omkhulu wezinhlayiya ze-backfill ungo-≤6cm, futhi imishini elula isetshenziselwa ukucindezela ukugwema ukulimaza umongo we-mesh.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi
Ngemva kokubeka, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kokuqhuba amanzi (inani elijwayelekile ≥1×10⁻³m²/s) kanye nokuhlolwa kwamandla okuhlanganisa (amandla okudonsa ≥80% wenani lomklamo).
Njengoba kungabonakala kulokhu okungenhla, inethiwekhi yokudonsa amanzi ehlanganisiwe enezinhlangothi ezintathu ingathuthukisa ukuzinza nokuqina komgwaqo ohlanganisayo wokugcwalisa ngokusebenzisa izinzuzo zayo zokudonsa amanzi ngendlela ephumelelayo, ukuqinisa ukuqina kanye nokuqina.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-30-2025
