Uthungelwano lwamanzi amdaka kwiiprojekthi zolondolozo lwamanzi
Inkcazo emfutshane:
- Inethiwekhi yokukhupha amanzi kwiiprojekthi zokugcina amanzi yinkqubo esetyenziselwa ukuthulula amanzi kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi ezifana namadama, amachibi, kunye nee-levees. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukukhupha amanzi amdaka ngaphakathi komzimba wedama kunye nee-levees, ukunciphisa umgangatho wamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi emingxunyeni, ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekiswa uzinzo kunye nokhuseleko lwezakhiwo zeprojekthi yokugcina amanzi. Umzekelo, kwiprojekthi yedama, ukuba amanzi amdaka ngaphakathi komzimba wedama awanakuthululwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, umzimba wedama uya kuba kwimeko egcwele amanzi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunciphiseni amandla okucheba kwezinto zedama kunye nokwanda kweengozi ezinokubakho zokhuseleko ezifana nokudilika kwedama.
- Umgaqo wokukhupha amanzi
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- Inethiwekhi yokukhupha amanzi kwiiprojekthi zokugcina amanzi isebenzisa kakhulu umgaqo wokukhupha amanzi amdaka. Ngaphakathi emzimbeni wedama okanye kwi-levee, ngenxa yokuba kukho umahluko kumanqanaba amanzi, amanzi aya kuphuma kwindawo ephakamileyo (njengendawo yokuvuza ngaphakathi emzimbeni wedama) aye kwindawo ephantsi (njengemingxunya yokukhupha amanzi, ii-drainage gallerys) phantsi kwesenzo sokukhupha amanzi amdaka. Xa amanzi engena kwimingxunya yokukhupha amanzi okanye kwii-drainage gallerys, emva koko atsalwa amanzi aye kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ngaphandle komzimba wedama, njengomjelo womlambo osezantsi wedama okanye idama elikhethekileyo lokukhupha amanzi, ngenkqubo yombhobho okanye itshaneli. Kwangaxeshanye, ubukho bomaleko wesihluzo buvumela isakhiwo somhlaba ukuba sihlale sizinzile ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha amanzi, siphephe ukulahleka komhlaba ngaphakathi emzimbeni wedama okanye kwi-levee ngenxa yokukhupha amanzi.
- Izicelo kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zoLondolozo lwaManzi
- Iiprojekthi zeDama:
- Kwidama lekhonkrithi, ukongeza ekumiseni imingxunya yokukhupha amanzi kunye neegalari zokukhupha amanzi, kuya kubekwa izixhobo zokukhupha amanzi kwindawo yokudibana phakathi komzimba wedama kunye nesiseko ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lokuphakamisa kwisiseko sedama. Uxinzelelo lokuphakamisa amanzi luxinzelelo lwamanzi olunyukayo ezantsi kwedama. Ukuba alulawulwa, luya kunciphisa uxinzelelo olusebenzayo oluxinzelelweyo ezantsi kwedama kwaye luchaphazele uzinzo lwedama. Ngokukhupha amanzi aphuma kwisiseko sedama ngenethiwekhi yokukhupha amanzi, uxinzelelo lokuphakamisa amanzi lunokunciphisa ngempumelelo. Kwiprojekthi yedama elinjengelitye lomhlaba, ulwakhiwo lwenethiwekhi yokukhupha amanzi luyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi kwaye kufuneka kuqwalaselwe izinto ezinje ngokungena kwamanzi kwezinto zomzimba wedama kunye nomthambeka womzimba wedama. Ngokwesiqhelo, imizimba yokukhupha amanzi ethe nkqo kunye nemizimba yokukhupha amanzi ethe tye iya kubekwa ngaphakathi komzimba wedama, njengeentsika zesanti zokukhupha amanzi ezigqunywe ngee-geotextiles.
- Iiprojekthi zeLevee:
- IiLevee zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekulawuleni izikhukula, kwaye ingqwalasela yenethiwekhi yazo yokukhupha amanzi kukukhupha amanzi aphuma emzimbeni welevee nakwisiseko. Imibhobho yokukhupha amanzi iya kubekwa ngaphakathi komzimba welevee, kwaye iindonga ezinqumliweyo kunye nemithombo yokunceda amanzi aya kubekwa kwindawo yesiseko. Udonga olunqumliweyo lunokuthintela imizimba yamanzi yangaphandle efana namanzi omlambo ukuba ingangeni kwisiseko, kwaye imigodi yokunceda amanzi inokufunxa amanzi aphumayo ngaphakathi kwesiseko, yehlise umgangatho wamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kwisiseko, kwaye ithintele iintlekele ezinokubakho ezifana nemibhobho kwisiseko.
- Iiprojekthi zokubhukisha:
- Uthungelwano lokukhupha amanzi kwidama aludingi nje kuphela ukuqwalasela ukukhutshelwa kwamanzi edama kodwa kunye nokukhutshelwa kwamanzi kwiintaba ezijikelezileyo. Kuya kubekwa imijelo yokuthintela ukugeleza kwamanzi kumphezulu ofana namanzi emvula kwaye iwakhokelele kwimijelo yokukhupha amanzi ngaphandle kwedama, ukuthintela amanzi emvula ekuhlambeni imida nokungena kwisiseko sedama ledama. Kwangaxeshanye, izixhobo zokukhupha amanzi kwidama ledama ngokwalo kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba amanzi aphuma emzimbeni wedama anokukhutshelwa amanzi ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwedama.
- Iiprojekthi zeDama:
| Izinto zeParamitha | Iyunithi | Imizekelo yexabiso | Inkcazo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ububanzi beMingxunya yoMsele | mm (i-millimeter) | 50, 75, 100, njl. | Ubungakanani bobubanzi bangaphakathi bemingxuma yokukhupha amanzi, obuchaphazela ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokuhluzwa kwamasuntswana anobukhulu obahlukeneyo. |
| Ukwahlulahlula izithuba zeMingxunya yoMsele | m (imitha) | 2, 3, 5, njl. | Umgama othe tye okanye othe nkqo phakathi kwemingxunya yokukhupha amanzi esecaleni, omiselwe ngokwesakhiwo sobunjineli kunye neemfuno zokukhupha amanzi. |
| Ububanzi beeGalleries zoMsele | m (imitha) | 1.5, 2, 3, njl. | Ububanzi becandelo elinqamlezileyo legalari yokukhupha amanzi, ekufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno zokufikelela kwabasebenzi, ukufakwa kwezixhobo kunye nokukhupha amanzi okutyibilikayo. |
| Ukuphakama kweeGalleries zoMsele | m (imitha) | 2, 2.5, 3, njl. | Ubungakanani bokuphakama kwecandelo elinqamlezileyo legalari yokukhupha amanzi. Kunye nobubanzi, imisela umthamo wokuhamba kwamanzi kunye nezinye iimpawu. |
| Ubungakanani beenxalenye zeeleya zesihluzi | mm (i-millimeter) | Isanti entle: 0.1 - 0.25 Isanti ephakathi: 0.25 - 0.5 Igrabile: 5 - 10, njl. (imizekelo yeeleya ezahlukeneyo) | Uluhlu lobungakanani beentwana zezinto ezikwimaleko nganye yomaleko wesihluzo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyakwazi ukufunxa amanzi ngelixa ithintela ukulahleka kweentwana zomhlaba. |
| Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwiipayipi zokukhupha amanzi | - | I-PVC, iPipe yeNtsimbi, iPipe yeSinyithi esenziwe ngeCast, njl.njl. | Izinto ezisetyenziselwa imibhobho yokukhupha amanzi. Izinto ezahlukeneyo zinomahluko kumandla, ukumelana nokugqwala, ixabiso, njl.njl. |
| Izinga lokuhamba kwamanzi okuhambisa amanzi | m³/h (iityhubhu zeemitha ngeyure) | 10, 20, 50, njl. | Ubungakanani bamanzi akhutshwa ngenethiwekhi yokukhupha amanzi ngexesha leyunithi nganye, ebonisa umthamo wokukhupha amanzi. |
| Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lokukhupha amanzi | i-kPa (i-kilopascal) | 100, 200, 500, njl. | Uxinzelelo oluphezulu olunokumelana nenethiwekhi yokukhupha amanzi, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo okuzinzileyo phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo nezinzima. |
| Ithambeka lokuhambisa amanzi | % (ipesenti) okanye iDigri | 1%, 2% okanye 1°, 2°, njl. | Umgangatho wokuthambekela kwemibhobho yokukhupha amanzi, iigalari, njl.njl., kusetyenziswa amandla angaphantsi komhlaba ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi ahamba kakuhle. |
