Emaphrojekthini okulawula ukuvuza kwamanzi—njengalawo ahilela izakhiwo ezingaphansi komhlaba, amachibi okwenziwa, kanye nezindawo zokulahla udoti—inselele eqhubekayo yokuvuza ingaxazululwa kanjani ngempumelelo nangokuhlala isikhathi eside? Njengomkhiqizi okhethekile emkhakheni we-geosynthetics, i-Shandong Hongyue Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd. (ebizwa ngokuthi “i-Hongyue Environmental”) isebenzise ubuchwepheshe bayo obubanzi kuma-Geosynthetic Clay Liners (ama-GCL) ukwakha inqubo yokwakha eqinile ngokwesayensi nejwayelekile. Ngezinyathelo ezine eziyinhloko—“ukulungiswa kwe-subgrade, ukufakwa kwesayensi, ukugqagqana okunembile, kanye nokugcwalisa emuva ngesikhathi”—le nqubo isebenzisa ngokugcwele izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele zama-GCL, ikakhulukazi ikhono lawo “lokuvuvukala lapho ethintana namanzi futhi eziphulukisa,” ngaleyo ndlela isungula isithiyo esingangenwa amanzi semisebenzi eminingi yobunjiniyela.
Isinyathelo Sokuqala: Ukulungiselela Okuqinile Kwe-Subgrade—Ukubeka Isisekelo Esibushelelezi Nesizinzile
Ikhwalithi ye-subgrade inquma ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokufakwa kwe-GCL. Ithimba lobuchwepheshe le-Hongyue Environmental ligcizelela ukuthi indawo ye-subgrade kumele ilungiswe ngokuqinile ngaphambi kokwakhiwa. Okokuqala, i-subgrade kumele ihlanganiswe futhi ilinganiswe; ikakhulukazi, isilinganiso sokuthamba (esichazwa njengesilinganiso sokujula okuphezulu kwanoma yikuphi ukugoba kuya kububanzi bayo obuncane) akumele sidlule ku-1:6, futhi zonke izinguquko kumele zibe kancane kancane, zivimbele ngokuqinile ukuba khona kwezici ezibukhali njenge-engeli yangakwesokudla. Okwesibili, indawo ye-subgrade kumele igcinwe ihlanzekile, ngokususwa ngokuphelele kwayo yonke imfucumfucu ebukhali—kufaka phakathi izimpande zotshani, amatshe amakhulu kunobubanzi obungu-10 mm, kanye nezingcezu zezitini—ukuvimbela ungqimba lwangaphandle lwendwangu olulukiwe lwe-GCL ukuthi lungabhobozwa ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi ama-GCL engafakwa ezindaweni ezimanzi, ukuqongelela kwamanzi amile phezu kwendawo akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele; ezimweni lapho kuhlangatshezwana namanzi agelezayo angalawuleki, izinyathelo zesikhashana zokuphambukisa kumele zisetshenziswe kusengaphambili ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokusebenza ihlala isesimweni esihle.
Isinyathelo Sesibili: Ukufakwa Okujwayelekile Nokubambelela—Ukuqinisekisa Ukulingana Okuqinile Nokuphephile
Ngesikhathi sesigaba sokufaka, i-Hongyue Environmental incoma ukusika ama-GCL kusengaphambili ngokunembile ngokwezilinganiso zephrojekthi; ama-liners angase abekwe ngokuphambene noma ngokude. Ngesikhathi sokwakha, i-GCL ivuleka ngokucaba phezu kwe-subgrade elungisiwe, ngokuvamile ibekwe ngesendlalelo sendwangu elukiwe sibheke phansi kanye nesendlalelo se-geotextile esingelukiwe sibheke phezulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthintana okuseduze phakathi kwe-GCL ne-subgrade, amaphini okubamba akhethekile kanye nama-washer kumele asetshenziswe ukuze kuqiniswe ngokuqinile; ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphetho ye-liner kufanele ibekwe phansi ngezikhwama zesihlabathi ukuvimbela ukufuduka okubangelwa umoya. Ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi kufanele kuqashelwe kakhulu ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka. Akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukuthi imishini esindayo ishayele ngqo phezu kobuso bengubo. Izisebenzi ezihamba phezu kwento kufanele zigqoke izicathulo ezinezithende ezisicaba ukuvimbela izinto ezibukhali ukuthi zingabhobozi i-membrane yangaphakathi engangeni (uma kunezingubo zokulala ezingangenisi manzi ezifakwe i-membrane) noma zilimaze ungqimba lwangaphandle lwe-geotextile, noma yikuphi okungaphazamisa ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwe-bentonite.
Isinyathelo 3: Ukwelashwa Okuhlanganisiwe Okucophelelayo—Ukwakha Isendlalelo Esingapheli
Ukwelashwa kwamalunga kuyisici esibalulekile esinquma impumelelo noma ukwehluleka kwesistimu yonke engangenwa ngamanzi. Imininingwane yokwakha ye-Hongyue Environmental iyalela ukuthi ububanzi bokugqagqana phakathi kwezingubo ezingangenwa ngamanzi eziseduze kumele bugcinwe okungenani ngamasentimitha angama-25 kuya kwangu-30. Ngaphakathi kwendawo yokugqagqana, i-powder ekhethekile ye-bentonite eyomile (noma i-bentonite paste)—enikezwa yinkampani—kumele isetshenziswe ngokufanayo. Izinga lokufaka elijwayelekile livame ukulawulwa cishe ku-0.4 kg/m² ukuqinisekisa ukuthi, lapho ihlangana namanzi, i-joint yakha ungqimba olungangenwa ngamanzi oluqhubekayo, oluqinile, olufana nejeli. Ukuze kuqiniswe ukugqagqana, ukufakwa kwempuphu kungangezelelwa ngeteyipu ekhethekile engangenwa ngamanzi, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi yonke imininingwane iphephile futhi kudala isithiyo esingangenwa ngamanzi esingenamthungo.
Isinyathelo 4: Ukugcwalisa Okunezingqimba Ngesikhathi Esifanele—Ukunikeza Isivikelo Sesikhathi Eside
Uma izingubo zokulala ezingangeni manzi sezibekwe, inqubo yokwakha ungqimba oluvikelayo noma yokugcwalisa umgodi kumele iqale ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kuvimbela izingubo zokulala ukuthi zome futhi zilahlekelwe ukusebenza kwazo ngenxa yokuchayeka isikhathi eside emoyeni, noma ukuvuvukala ngaphambi kwesikhathi uma zivezwa yimvula. I-Hongyue Environmental igcizelela kakhulu izidingo zekhwalithi zenhlabathi yokugcwalisa umgodi: inhlabathi kumele ihlolwe ukuze ikhiphe ngokuqinile izinto eziqinile—njengezingcezu zamatshe noma izitini—ezinobukhulu bezinhlayiya obungaphezu kuka-10 mm. Ngesikhathi sokwakha, inhlabathi ehlanzekile noma isihlabathi esicolekile kufanele sisetshenziswe ekugcwaliseni umgodi kanye nokuqinisa umgodi; ubukhulu bengqimba ngayinye kufanele bulawulwe ngaphakathi kwebanga eliphakathi kuka-30 cm kuya ku-50 cm, futhi ukuqina kokuqinisa kumele kufinyelele okungenani ku-85%. Le nqubo ayivikeli nje kuphela izingubo zokulala ezingangeni manzi emonakalweni wangaphandle kodwa futhi isebenzisa ingcindezi ekhishwa yisisindo senhlabathi ukuze ithuthukise ukuzinza okuphelele kwengqimba engangeni manzi.
Ukusebenzisa le "Ndlela Yokwakha Enezinyathelo Ezine" ejwayelekile, izingubo zokulala ezingangeni manzi ze-bentonite ze-Shandong Hongyue Environmental ziyakwazi ukukhombisa ngokugcwele izinzuzo zazo eziyinhloko: ukumelana okuphezulu nokucindezela kwe-hydrostatic (okudlula i-1.0 MPa), amakhono okuziphilisa aqinile (akwazi ukulungisa imifantu efinyelela ku-2 mm ngobukhulu), kanye nokumelana nokuguga okuhle kakhulu kanye nezakhiwo ezinobungani nemvelo. Kusukela ekukhiqizweni kwezinto kuya ekuqondisweni kobuchwepheshe endaweni, i-Hongyue Environmental Protection izibophezele ngokuqinile ekuhlinzekeni amakhasimende ngezixazululo ezihlanganisiwe zokulwa nokuvuza kwamanzi, isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bochwepheshe kanye nezinqubo eziqinile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke iphrojekthi ihlala ingangeni manzi ngokuphelele.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-07-2026
