Kwiiprojekthi zokulawula ukuvuza kwamanzi—ezifana nezo zibandakanya izakhiwo ezingaphantsi komhlaba, amachibi okwenziwa, kunye neendawo zokulahla inkunkuma—umngeni oqhubekayo wokuvuza ungasonjululwa njani ngokufanelekileyo nangokuhlala ixesha elide? Njengomvelisi okhethekileyo kwicandelo le-geosynthetics, iShandong Hongyue Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd. (ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Hongyue Environmental") isebenzise ubuchule bayo obukhulu kwi-Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCLs) ukwenza iprotokholi yokwakha eqinileyo nesemgangathweni ngokwesayensi. Ngamanyathelo amane aphambili—"ukulungiswa kwe-subgrade, ukufakwa kwesayensi, ukugqubana ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokuzalisa ngexesha elifanelekileyo"—le protokholi isebenzisa ngokupheleleyo iingenelo ezikhethekileyo ze-GCL, ngakumbi amandla azo "okuvuvukala xa zidibana namanzi kwaye ziziphilisa," ngaloo ndlela ziseka umqobo ongangeni manzi kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zobunjineli.
Inyathelo Lokuqala: Ukulungiselela Okuqinileyo Kwe-Subgrade—Ukubeka Isiseko Esigudileyo Nesizinzileyo
Umgangatho we-subgrade umisela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kofakelo lwe-GCL. Iqela lobuchwephesha le-Hongyue Environmental ligxininisa ukuba umphezulu we-subgrade kufuneka ulungiswe ngokungqongqo ngaphambi kokuba kwakhiwe. Okokuqala, i-subgrade kufuneka iqiniswe kwaye ilinganiswe; ngokukodwa, umlinganiselo we-flatness (ochazwa njengomlinganiselo wobunzulu obukhulu bayo nayiphi na i-depression ukuya kububanzi bayo obuncinci) akufuneki udlule kwi-1:6, kwaye zonke iinguqu kufuneka zihambe kancinci, zithintele ngokungqongqo ukubakho kweempawu ezibukhali ezifana nee-engile zasekunene. Okwesibini, umphezulu we-subgrade kufuneka ugcinwe ucocekile, ngokususwa ngokupheleleyo kwayo yonke inkunkuma ebukhali—kubandakanya iingcambu zengca, igrabile enkulu kunobubanzi be-10 mm, kunye neziqwenga zezitena—ukuthintela umaleko welaphu elilukiweyo langaphandle le-GCL ukuba lingabhoboki ngexesha lokufakwa. Ngaphezu koko, ngelixa ii-GCL zinokufakwa kwi-subgrades ezimanzi, ukuqokelelwa kwamanzi amileyo kumphezulu akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo; kwiimeko apho kuhlangatyezwana namanzi angenakulawulwa, amanyathelo okuphambuka okwethutyana kufuneka aqaliswe kwangaphambili ukuqinisekisa ukuba umphezulu womsebenzi uhlala ukwimeko efanelekileyo.
Inyathelo lesiBini: Ufakelo oluQhelekileyo kunye nokuQinisekisa—Ukuqinisekisa ukulingana okuqinileyo nokukhuselekileyo
Ngexesha lokufakelwa, iHongyue Environmental icebisa ukuba ii-GCL zisikwe ngokuchanekileyo ngokwemilinganiselo yeprojekthi; ii-liners zinokubekwa ngendlela enqamlezileyo okanye ende. Ngexesha lokwakhiwa, i-GCL ivuleka ibekwe ngokuthe tyaba kwi-subgrade elungisiweyo, idla ngokubekwa umaleko welaphu elilukiweyo ujonge emhlabeni kwaye umaleko we-geotextile ongalukiweyo ujonge phezulu. Ukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano olusondeleyo phakathi kwe-GCL kunye ne-subgrade, kufuneka kusetyenziswe ii-anchor pins kunye nee-washers ezikhethekileyo ukuze kuqiniswe ngokuqinileyo; ukongeza, imiphetho ye-liner kufuneka ibekwe phantsi ngeengxowa zesanti ukuthintela ukufuduka okubangelwa ngumoya. Iingcali zobugcisa zigxininisa ukuba kufuneka kusetyenziswe unonophelo olukhulu ngexesha lenkqubo yokufakela. Akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukuba oomatshini abanzima baqhube ngqo phezu komphezulu wengubo. Abasebenzi abahamba phezu kwento kufuneka banxibe izihlangu ezinezithende ezithe tyaba ukuthintela izinto ezibukhali ekubhobozeni i-membrane yangaphakathi engenamanzi (kwimeko yeengubo ezingangeni manzi ezine-membrane) okanye ukonakalisa umaleko wangaphandle we-geotextile, nokuba yeyiphi na kuzo eya kuphazamisa ukusasazwa okufanayo kwe-bentonite.
Inyathelo lesi-3: Unyango oluQokelelweyo lokuQokelela—Ukwakha umaleko oqhubekekayo ongangeniyo amanzi
Unyango oludibeneyo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo emisela impumelelo okanye ukusilela kwenkqubo yonke engangeni manzi. Iinkcukacha zokwakha zeHongyue Environmental ziyalela ukuba ububanzi bokudityaniswa phakathi kweengubo ezingangeni manzi ezikufutshane kufuneka bugcinwe ubuncinane kwi-25 cm ukuya kwi-30 cm. Ngaphakathi kwendawo yokudityaniswa, umgubo we-bentonite owomileyo okhethekileyo (okanye i-bentonite paste)—onikezelwa yinkampani—kufuneka usetyenziswe ngokufanayo. Izinga eliqhelekileyo lokusetyenziswa lidla ngokulawulwa malunga ne-0.4 kg/m² ukuqinisekisa ukuba, xa udibana namanzi, umxube wenza umaleko ongangeni manzi oqhubekayo, oxineneyo, ofana nejeli. Ukuze uvale ngakumbi ukudityaniswa, ukusetyenziswa komgubo kunokongezwa ngeteyipu ekhethekileyo engangeni manzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ayisebenzi kakuhle kwaye idala umqobo ongenamthungo, oqhubekayo ongenakungena.
Inyathelo lesi-4: Ukuzalisa i-Backfill ngexesha elifanelekileyo—Ukubonelela ngoKhuseleko lwexesha elide
Nje ukuba iingubo ezingangeni manzi zibekwe, inkqubo yokwakha umaleko okhuselayo okanye yokuzalisa umva kufuneka iqale ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuthintela iingubo ukuba zome kwaye zingaphulukani nokusebenza kwazo ngenxa yokuvezwa umoya ixesha elide, okanye ukudumba ngaphambi kwexesha ukuba zichatshazelwa yimvula. I-Hongyue Environmental igxininisa ngokukodwa kwiimfuno zomgangatho womhlaba ozalisa umva: umhlaba kufuneka uvalwe ukuze kuthintelwe ngokungqongqo izinto eziqinileyo—ezifana negrabile okanye iziqwenga zezitena—ezinobukhulu obungaphezulu kwe-10 mm. Ngexesha lokwakha, umhlaba ococekileyo okanye isanti encinci kufuneka isetyenziswe ekuzaliseni umva kunye nokuxinana; ubukhulu bomaleko ngamnye kufuneka bulawulwe ngaphakathi komgama we-30 cm ukuya kwi-50 cm, kwaye uxinano loxinano kufuneka lufikelele ubuncinci kwi-85%. Le nkqubo ayikhuseli kuphela iingubo ezingangeni manzi kumonakalo wangaphandle kodwa ikwasebenzisa uxinzelelo olukhutshwa bubunzima bomhlaba ukuphucula ngakumbi uzinzo lomaleko ongenakungena.
Ukusebenzisa le "Ndlela Yokwakha EneNyathelo Elinemigangatho Emithathu" eqhelekileyo, iingubo ezingangeni manzi zeShandong Hongyue Environmental ziyakwazi ukubonisa ngokupheleleyo iingenelo zazo eziphambili: ukumelana okuphezulu koxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic (oludlula i-1.0 MPa), amandla okuziphilisa aqinileyo (akwaziyo ukulungisa imifantu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2 mm ngobukhulu), kunye nokumelana nokwaluphala okuhle kakhulu kunye neempawu ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Ukususela kwimveliso yezinto ukuya kwisikhokelo sobuchwephesha kwindawo, iHongyue Environmental Protection izimisele ngokuzimisela ukubonelela abathengi ngezisombululo ezidibeneyo ezichasene nokuphuma kwamanzi, isebenzisa ubuchule bobuchwephesha kunye neenkqubo ezingqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke iprojekthi ihlala ingangeni manzi ngokupheleleyo.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-07-2026
