Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iingubo zekhonkrithi ziye zasetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo zobunjineli—ezifana nokukhuselwa kwethambeka le-hydraulic, ulawulo lwemijelo yomlambo, ukuqinisa iindlela, kunye nolawulo lokuphuma kwamanzi kwindalo—ngenxa yeengenelo zazo zokufakelwa okulula, ukungakwazi ukungena kwamanzi kakuhle kunye nokuqina, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Njengeshishini eliphambili kwishishini le-geosynthetics laseTshayina, iShandong Hongyue Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd. isebenzise ubugcisa obubanzi kunye namava obuchwephesha e-R&D ukukhupha ngokusesikweni isikhokelo esibanzi malunga namanyathelo okusebenzisa iingubo zekhonkrithi kuyo yonke inkqubo. Esi sikhokelo sijolise ekuncedeni iiyunithi zokwakha ekwenzeni imisebenzi yokwakha yesayensi kunye nemigangatho, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa umgangatho weprojekthi kunye nobude benkonzo.
I. Ukugcinwa Nokuthuthwa: Khusela Ukufuma Nokonakala—Ukukhusela “Umtya Wokuphila” Wezinto Ezisetyenzisiweyo
Iqela lezobuchwephesha eHongyue Environmental ligxininisa ukuba iingubo zekhonkrithi zifumana umswakama ngokukhawuleza xa zidibana namanzi; ngoko ke, izinto ezibalulekileyo ngexesha lokugcina nokuthutha kukuthintela ukuvezwa komswakama kunye nomonakalo womzimba. Izinto kufuneka zigcinwe kwindawo eyomileyo, enomoya ococekileyo, nengenamvula ngaphakathi, okanye kwindawo engaphandle egqunywe ngokuqinileyo ngeetarpaulins. Ukuvezwa kwimvula evulekileyo okanye ukufuma akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukuthintela ukubola kwangethuba kunye nokusilela kwezinto ezilandelayo. Ngexesha lokuphathwa, izinto kufuneka ziphakanyiswe kwaye zibekwe ngobunono; ukurhuqa, ukugoba, okanye ukubhoboza akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo, kwaye izinto kufuneka zigcinwe kude nezinto ezibukhali, eziqinileyo kunye nezinto ezirhabaxa ezine-asidi okanye i-alkaline. Xa ubeka izinto ezipakishiweyo, qiniseka ukuba iinqwaba zithe tyaba kwaye ungazibeki phezulu kakhulu, ukuthintela ubunzima ekungonakalisi ingubo okanye ukonakalisa isakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi.
II. Ukulungiswa kwe-subgrade: Qinisekisa ukuba i-Flat and Compression—Ukuqinisa “iSiseko” soKwakha
Ukulungiswa kwe-subgrade yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuzinzeni nasekuqineni kweengubo zekhonkrithi ixesha elide. Ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe ukwakhiwa, indawo kufuneka isuswe ngokupheleleyo i-gravel, iingcambu zemithi, ukhula, kunye nayo nayiphi na inkunkuma ebukhali ukuthintela ukubhoboka kwezinto zengubo. I-subgrade kufuneka ibe tyaba, iqine, kwaye ingabi nazingqimba zomhlaba ezikhululekileyo; kwiindawo ezithambekileyo, kucetyiswa ukuba i-gradient ilawulwe ngaphakathi koluhlu lwe-1:1.5 ukuya kwi-1:3, kwaye ikwazi ukumelana ne-busy engaphezulu kwe-±15 mm ngaphezulu kwe-2-meter span. Umhlaba othambileyo okanye umhlaba one-silt ufuna ukuxinana okucokisekileyo okanye ukufakwa komaleko welitye elityumkileyo elilinganisiweyo; kwiindawo ezinamanzi aphantsi komhlaba aphezulu, kufuneka kufakwe iidreyini ezingaboniyo okanye izingqimba zokukhupha amanzi ukuthintela ukuqokelelwa kwamanzi kwi-subgrade ekungcoliseni umgangatho wenkqubo yokunyanga yengubo yekhonkrithi.
III. Ufakelo: Ukudibanisana Okuqhelekileyo—Ukulawula Ngokungqongqo “Amanqaku Abuthathaka” Anokubakho kuLawulo lokuSepha
Ngexesha lokufakelwa, ingubo yesamente kufuneka ivunyelwe ukuba ivuleke ngokwendalo kwaye ilale ngokusondeleyo, isondelelene ne-subgrade. Ukutsala, ukujija, okanye ukushiya iindawo ezixhonywe ngaphezu komhlaba akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo; injongo kukuqinisekisa ukuba umphezulu ogudileyo, ofanayo awunamibimbi okanye imingxuma engenanto. Unyango oluQokelelweyo njengeNto ePhambili yokuNgapheli: Kwiimeko ezibandakanya ukuhamba kwamanzi—ezifana nemijelo yomlambo kunye nemijelo yokukhupha amanzi—icandelo elingaphezulu *kufuneka* ligqume icandelo elisezantsi. Ububanzi bokugquma ecaleni kufuneka bube yi-≥ 15 cm, kwaye ububanzi bokugquma obude bube yi-≥ 20 cm. Zonke iindawo zokugquma kufuneka zigqunywe nge-roller ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mingxuma okanye amaqamza omoya. Ukubambelela kwenziwa kusetyenziswa iiphini ze-anchor ezimile njengo-U; isithuba esiqhelekileyo yi-1.0–1.5 m, kodwa olu xinano kufuneka lonyuswe lube yi-≤ 0.5 m kwindawo yokuma kwe-slope, iinzwane ze-slope, iikona, kunye neendawo zokugquma. Kwiindawo ezithe tyaba (> 25°), kufuneka kugrunjwe imisele eyongezelelweyo ye-anchor; Le misele ifuna ubunzulu bokungcwaba obuyi-≥ 30 cm kwaye kufuneka izaliswe ngasemva kwaye ixinaniswe ukuthintela ukutyibilika okanye ukuphakanyiswa komphetho.
IV. Ukunyanga: Ukunkcenkceshela ngokufanayo ukuze kujongwane "neNqanaba elibalulekileyo" loPhuhliso lwaMandla
Ukucocwa kwamanzi linqanaba elibalulekileyo ekutshintsheni kwengubo yesamente ukusuka kwimeko eguquguqukayo ukuya kweqinileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kweejethi zamanzi ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu zokutshiza ngokuthe ngqo akuvumelekanga; endaweni yoko, ukufutha ngoxinzelelo oluphantsi okanye isincamathiselo seshawa kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukuqinisekisa ukunkcenkceshela okufanayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto zigcwele ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokushiya amabala omileyo okanye ukubangela ukuqokelelwa kwamanzi. Amanzi asetyenzisiweyo kufuneka acoceke; amanzi amdaka aqulethe ioyile, igrisi, iiasidi, okanye ialkali akuvumelekanga ngokupheleleyo. Ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kwenziwe ngosuku olunye olubekwe ngalo izinto ukuze kuthintelwe ukoma kwangethuba nokuqina ubusuku bonke. Kumaqondo obushushu angqongileyo (malunga nama-20°C), ukubekwa kokuqala kwenzeka ngaphakathi kweeyure ezi-1-2, kwaye izinto zifikelela kumandla azo okuqala ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-24.
V. Ulondolozo: Ukhuseleko Olucokisekileyo Lokwandisa "Ubude Bobomi" beProjekthi
Ukuphazamiseka akuvumelekanga ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lokunyanga: Ukuhamba ngeenyawo akuvumelekanga kwiiyure ezingama-24 zokuqala, kwaye uxinzelelo olunzima, ukubetheka, okanye ukurhuqa akuvumelekanga kwiintsuku ezi-7 zokuqala ukuthintela umonakalo wesakhiwo. Kwiintsuku ezi-3 zokuqala, amanzi kufuneka afefwe ka-1-2 ngemini ukugcina amanqanaba okufuma; kwiimeko zobushushu obuphezulu (> 30°C), amaxesha okunkcenkceshela kufuneka anyuswe, kwaye umphezulu kufuneka ugutyungelwe ukuze ube nomthunzi ngexesha lokuvezwa lilanga elinamandla. Kwiimeko zobushushu obuphantsi (< 5°C), kufuneka amanyathelo okukhusela ubushushu kunye neqhwa. Ubomi benkonzo obuyilwe yile nto budlula iminyaka eli-10; ukuze kwandiswe umjikelo wayo wenkonzo, kucetyiswa ukuba kufakwe upende omtsha wesamente kumphezulu rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-2-3.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-13-2026
